Unit for the Regulation or Control of a Fluid Pressure

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is a method and a unit ( 10 ) for the regulation or control of a fluid pressure, having at least one housing section ( 13, 14 ) and a switching film ( 22 ) connected to the at least one housing section ( 13, 14 ) for switching at pressure differentials of 1 to 250 mbar, preferably from 1 to 100 mbar, relative to an ambient pressure acting on the switching film ( 22 ), and for the regulation, release or blocking of a flow of the fluid between an inlet ( 28 ) and a discharge ( 30 ) for the fluid. The switching film ( 22 ) is made out of a polymer material having fluorine and carbon. In this arrangement, a hole cross-section ( 40 ) of the at least one housing section ( 13, 14 ) is closed off by the switching film ( 22 ).

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates to a unit for the regulation or control of a fluid pressure, in particular for the pressure regulation of an internal combustion engine and/or of the crankcase of the internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle and a method for fluid-tight connection of a switching film to at least one housing section of the unit.

BACKGROUND

Pressure regulating valves are used, for example, in the breather line between crankcase and intake manifold of an internal combustion engine. This involves not allowing the pressure or vacuum in the receptacles to be vented to increase beyond a predetermined value.

In internal combustion engines, blow-by gases occur that are produced by combustion gases in the cylinder getting past the cylinder piston into the crankcase. These blow-by gases allow the pressure in the crankcase to rise, whereby leaks and spillages of oil can be the result. In order to prevent a pressure increase and to discharge these blow-by gases in an environmentally friendly manner, these are conducted from the crankcase back into the air feeder line of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the specified negative pressure value should not be significantly undershot, because otherwise undesired air can be erroneously sucked into the crankcase.

In the pressure regulating valves that are currently being used, an element familiar to a person skilled in the art under the term “switching membrane” made from elastomer, commonly fluorosilicone rubber is generally employed. These switching membranes are very flexible because of the specific properties of elastomers. Depending on the applied pressure ratios, this switching membrane opens or closes an opening in the pressure regulating valve. The pressure ratio generally results from the pressure differential between the applied pressure in a first chamber and the pressure prevailing in a second chamber of the pressure regulating valve. The pressure in the first chamber may for example be the same as the atmospheric pressure. The switching membrane must react to low switching pressures on the order of 1 to 250 mbar.

Blow-by gases in an internal combustion engine are made up of unburned fuel components, motor oil components and other pollutants resulting from the combustion. These gases attack many elastomer types, whereby damages to the material properties can occur. The components made from these materials become brittle, porous and cracked. If the switching films are damaged, the environmentally damaging blow-by gases pass directly into the environment, because the system is no longer sealed. The switching membrane made from elastomer is generally executed as roll film, in order to realize a specific stroke of the switching membrane. The material in the roll region is also mechanically damaged through the unrolling motion by simultaneous contact with blow-by gases and can thus be damaged.

The DE 26 29 621 A1 discloses a diaphragm valve having a switching membrane that is designed as a switching film clamped at its edge between the housing and the housing cover which is to be brought into a sealing contact by a pressure member against a seating surface provided in the housing, wherein the switching membrane is made of a thinner layer of low elasticity, for example from PTFE, facing towards the housing interior that is resistant to aggressive through-flow media, and an additional, thicker layer made of elastomeric material. Diaphragm valves of this type are primarily used where a high chemical resistance of the materials coming into contact with the through-flow medium is required. Because elastomeric materials do not meet this requirement but the chemically resistant materials such as PTFE do not possess the elasticity necessary for a proper function, films comprising two layers are used. The contact pressure that is applied by the pressure member via the thick, rubber-like layer is transmitted as evenly as possible onto the sealing surface of the switching film that works together with the seating surface in the housing. In this arrangement, relatively large switching pressures of several bar are exerted on the switching membrane for closing the two-layered switching membrane via a pressure spindle that is connected to a hand wheel in order to ensure the necessary sealing function by the stiff PTFE layer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is one object of the invention to create a unit for switching at low pressure differentials that achieves high operational life during operating modes on an internal combustion engine having aggressive media, in particular from so-called blow-by gases

It is an additional object of the invention to create a method for fluid-tight connection of a switchable closing element to the unit, that achieves a high operational life during operation in an internal combustion engine having aggressive media, in particular from so-called blow-by gases.

The aforementioned object is achieved according to one aspect of the invention by a unit for regulation or control of a fluid pressure and of a switching film connected to at least one housing section, wherein the switching film is formed from a polymer film from a polymer material having fluorine and carbon and wherein a hole cross-section of the at least one housing section is closed off by the switching film.

According to another aspect of the invention, the additional object is achieved by a method for fluid-tight connection of a switching film to at least one housing section or a unit, wherein the switching film is integrally and/or interlockingly connected to the at least one housing section using foam material.

Favorable embodiments and advantages of the invention are disclosed in the further claims, the description and the drawings.

A unit is proposed for the regulation or control of a fluid pressure, having at least one housing section and a switching film connected to the at least one housing section for switching at pressure differentials of 1 to 250 mbar, preferably from 1 to 100 mbar, relative to an ambient pressure acting on the switching film, and for the regulation, release or blocking of a flow of the fluid between an inlet and a discharge for the fluid, wherein the switching film is made out of a polymer material having fluorine and carbon, and wherein a hole cross-section of the at least one housing section is closed off by the switching film.

The unit does not only serve to release or shut off a through-flow, but regulates between the two switching states “release” or “shut off” by a continuous alteration of the through-flow cross-section as a function of the pressure differential on the through-flow of fluid between the inlet and the discharge. In this manner, the through-flow can be restricted.

The polymer film having fluorine and carbon is chemically resistant and can switch many switching cycles of the film valve. The long-term stability of the unit is improved. In particular, the polymer film having fluorine and carbon can be PTFE (polytetrafluorethylene). Alternatively, the polymer having fluorine and carbon can be made of a PTFE as the base material, which has admixtures, in particular an admixture of glass fiber, glass spheres, graphite and/or carbon fibers, in particular having a proportion of the admixed substances of up to 60%; similarly, the polymer having fluorine and carbon can be a thermoplastically processable PTFE, which is processable in a spraying process, in particular. Preferably, the switching film is at most 0.5 mm thick, preferably at most 0.3 mm, particularly preferably at most 0.2 mm thick. The switching film can have a diameter between 40 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 50 mm and 80 mm. It is possible that with correspondingly large diameters somewhat higher thickness of the switching film in the region of over 0.5 mm, for example at most 0.5 mm to 1 mm, can be realized.

A conventional switching membrane made from elastomer of a conventional unit for pressure regulation of an internal combustion engine and/or the pressure regulation of the crankcase of an internal combustion engine is replaced here by a switching film made from the polymer having fluorine and carbon. A polymer material having fluorine and carbon such as PTFE can, for example, be manufactured in a sintering process and then mechanically processed. Such a switching film in its normal form is very stiff and actually not appropriate for flexible components. PTFE has an outstanding chemical resistance and can be used in a very broad range of temperatures, wherein the modulus of elasticity is very sharply increased at low temperatures compared to elastomeric materials. For this reason, PTFE is not appropriate for an application as switching film in the temperature range required for automotive applications in an internal combustion engine of typically −40° C. to +150° C. This disadvantage is avoided in the unit according to the invention by virtue of an advantageous geometry and optionally by an extremely thin wall thickness of the switching film made from the polymer having fluorine and carbon. By reducing the wall thickness of the PTFE material in the switching film in an intentionally movable range of a few tenths of a millimeter, wherein the intentionally fixed thickness range as well as the clamping region of the material can also be executed thicker, and a specially developed geometry of the switching film without roll region, as it is conventionally used in prior art, the stiff material is formed into a shape in which it has the necessary flexibility, but nevertheless fulfills the mechanical requirements with respect to crack formation, strain and fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses. By virtue of the special geometry, roll motion no longer takes place, rather a bending motion can be realized having a radius change that can be accomplished with low strain or even practically no strain of the material and with which a lifting motion of the switching film for the unit according to the invention can be implemented.

The switching film can have a plate-like flat body, in particular formed as plate-shaped flat body, having a bending region surrounding a central sealing region, wherein the bending region moves the sealing region in an axial direction with respect to a valve seat, meaning in the direction normal to the flat body, onto the valve seat or away from the valve seat during switching of the switching film by a low-strain—meaning practically strain-free for practical application, in particular strain-free—bending motion. Because the switching film in this embodiment can flex not only in a small surface region, but broadly because of the plate-like shape, individual regions of the switching film are hardly or practically not at all strained. The bending motion is thus executed across a large region of the switching film—and, consequently, with little elastic deformation—in the form of a curvature change with low strain, for example less than 10%.

The sealing region of the switching film can interrupt the through-flow of the fluid between the inlet and the discharge. The switching film can, for example, be located with its sealing region against a seal seat in order to interrupt the through-flow.

For this purpose, the switching film can be movable between its respective maximum positions in the opened and closed state by application of atmospheric pressure as control pressure on one side of the switching film. Advantageously, the switching film can be self-regulating and the switching film can be closed indirectly via a pressure differential between atmospheric pressure in the one chamber of the unit and an operating pressure of the other chamber of the unit. The operating pressure can, for example, be a pressure in a crankcase of an internal combustion engine.

Advantageously, the switching film can alternatively be movable between its respective maximum positions in the opened and closed state, if on one side of the switching film a control pressure is applied that does not equal an atmospheric pressure and/or a mechanical actuating means is provided to switch the switching film.

Via a spring element, which is supported against the at least one housing section, a force is applied to the switching film in order to be able to adjust the control response of the unit. For this purpose, the discharge can have a valve seat arranged at an end in the housing section, which is sealable by the sealing region of the switching film, whereby a discharge of fluid from the inlet to the discharge can be regulated. The spring element in this arrangement exerts the appropriate counterforce on the switching film to achieve a control response of the unit in the desired pressure region. The side of the switching film facing away from the fluid to be regulated is generally supplied here with atmospheric pressure.

According to the invention, a hole cross-section of the at least one housing section of the unit is closed off fluid-tight by an operating region of the switching film. In this manner the through-flow of the unit can be regulated, released, shut off or limited. An edge region surrounding the operating region of the switching film allows a fluid-tight connection of the switching film made from a polymer having fluorine and carbon against the housing of the unit, which can be advantageously made from plastic, for example, glass-fiber reinforced polyamide (PA), and represents an additional great advantage over the prior art, in which the impermeable or closed membranes have no claim to tightness, rather, they are only interlockingly connected to the housing. By virtue of the fluid-tight connection, a region of the unit is advantageously guaranteed to be sealed as fluid-tight, for example as a pressure regulation valve, because the switching film can in each case seal a housing section fluid-tight by being fixedly connected to the housing section, as well as sealing of the interior spaces of two housing sections against each other, if the first housing section is sealed with a second housing section, such as with a housing cover.

According to one advantageous embodiment, at least one circumferential mating surface can be provided situated radially to the outside on the at least one housing section at which the switching film is connected, in particular fixedly connected, in particular is fixedly and fluid-tightly connected to the at least one housing section. By the fixed connection of the switching film to the outer radially circumferential mating surface, the central inner region of the switching film can move freely as a whole in the axial direction and as a sealing region of the switching film can thus exercise the actual switching function of the unit, for example as pressure regulation valve. Through the fluid-tight connection of the switching film against at least one housing section, it can also be effectively prevented that possible outgassing of the material into the environment.

According to one advantageous embodiment, a radially outwards situated joining region of the switching film can be connected to the at least one housing section by foam material, in particular integrally and/or interlockingly. An integral and/or interlocking connection of the switching film with the mating surface of the housing section can ensure the fluid-tight seal of the hole cross-section of the housing section as well as the fixed and durable connection of the switching film for a safe function during the operating mode of the unit.

The switching film that can advantageously first be subjected to a surface treatment can be connected to at least one connecting element, for example a housing section. The foam material can hereby be chambered by a tool such as an additional cover or a separate hold-down device that is only necessary for the process step, or chambered by a housing section, or applied openly foamed. Foam material is generally understood to be a material composition that can be brought into the aggregate state as firm or fluid. After the application, the foam material is activated by intrinsic action or by external influence and increases its volume. For example, the foam material can be thermally activated. After finishing the activation process, the foam material can be elastic, inelastic, flexible or hard.

According to one advantageous embodiment, at least one circumferential groove can be provided in the mounting surface of at least one housing section for housing of the foam material. The foam material can in this manner be effectively incorporated into the groove and thus distributed on the mounting surface of the housing section in a targeted manner during compression by the switching film against the housing section, whereby a fluid-tight and durable connection can be achieved.

In particular, a groove can be advantageously provided in the mounting surfaces of each of the two housing sections for housing of the foam material, wherein the grooves are arranged in the closed housing axially opposing each other and/or radially offset. The foam material, which stretches after activation and can greatly increase it volume, can thus be incorporated into the grooves on the two sides of the joint so that the two housing sections can nonetheless clamp the switching film and abut each other in a fluid-tight manner. A durable and reliable fluid-tight connection between housing and switching film or a reliable sealing of the hole cross-section of the unit can thus be achieved.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the joining region of the switching film can be enclosed at least partly, in particular on both sides, by the foam material. In this manner, the switching film is embedded in the foam material and firmly connected to this. In particular, the switching film can be enclosed on both sides of its joining region by the foam material, which ensures a reliable and durable connection between switching film and housing section. A reliable, fluid-tight sealing of the hole cross-section of the unit is thus also achieved.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the switching film can, at least in the region of the joining region, have at least one activated surface, in particular at least one activated surface directed toward a first chamber of the first housing section. For preparation of the connection using a foam material, it can be advantageous to accordingly prepare the surface of the switching film in that region where it comes into connection with the foam material in order to change the surface tension. Such an activation can thus expediently include one or more methods such as etching, plasma treatment, mechanical roughening, stamping, perforating or similar, appropriate methods. The contact between the foam material and the switching film can thereby be improved. Moreover, it is beneficial to subject a surface of the switching film that is exposed to the fluid, such as is the case in the first chamber of the first housing section, for example, to a treatment by activation.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the mating surface of the at least one housing section can be formed to be self-adjusting in a longitudinal direction. In particular, the mating surface can be formed conically or curved upwards or downwards or corrugated. By virtue of the self-adjusting mating surface, a particularly good connection of a different housing section as well as of the switching film can be ensured with automatic centering of the first housing section or of the switching film before and during the process of the connection.

According to one advantageous embodiment, at least one radially circumferential groove can be provided radially inside the mating surface of the at least one housing section and radially delimited on the inside by an edge for supporting the switching film when there are axial movements transverse to the hole cross-section, wherein in particular two axial opposing and/or radially offset grooves can be provided with an edge, in particular a raised lip. A raised lip on the edge advantageously supports dynamic movements of the switching film with its working region during the execution of the function in the pressure valve and simultaneously achieves a protection against damage by the motion of the switching film. As a result, the switching film always rests against at least one edge during its switching motion, preferably however, at two edges simultaneously. In order to prevent a damage to the switching film during the joining process such as, for example, by an unacceptable compression of the switching film by the edges, the edges can be arranged radially offset. A realization of a connection is thus easier, in that the switching film is located on two edges simultaneously. A movement on the boundary surface to an edge can then be prevented. The edge can be optimized for the film motion so that the switching film in operation is protected against damage by the edge. It is also possible to apply a prestress of the switching film via these edges.

According to one advantageous embodiment, a housing can be provided with the first housing section and a second housing section, and the first chamber can be separated fluid-tight from a second chamber by the switching film. The second chamber of the unit can thus be supplied with an atmospheric pressure. For an effective control response of the unit, the switching film should be able to move as freely as possible, for which reason the second chamber, which is separated by the functional region of the switching film from the first chamber, in which the fluid to be controlled is located, is expediently in connection with the environmental region, meaning with the atmospheric pressure.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the polymer material having fluorine and carbon is polytetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene with admixtures or thermoplastically processable polytetrafluoroethylene.

According to a different aspect of the invention, a method for the fluid-tight connection of a switching film to at least one housing section of a housing of a unit is proposed, wherein the switching film is formed from a polymer material having fluorine and carbon, and wherein a joining region of the switching film situated radially to the outside that is integrally and/or interlockingly connected in the region of at least the mating surface to the at least one housing section by foam material. The method thus comprises an introduction of the foam material in firm or fluid form into at least one circumferential groove of the at least one housing section, followed by a seating of the switching film on the at least one housing section having the joining region over the foam material. Finally, the foam material is foamed by intrinsic action or by outside influence, in particular through thermal activation. After compressing the switching film with the housing section and curing of the foam material, a durable and fluid-tight connection of the switching film at the housing section and thus a fluid-tight sealing of the hole cross-section of the housing section can thus be achieved.

The switching film, which can first be subjected to a surface treatment, can be connected to at least one connection element, for example a housing section. Foam material is generally understood to be a material composition that can be brought into the aggregate state as firm or fluid. After application, the foam material is activated by intrinsic action or by outside influence and increases its volume. For example, the foam material can be thermally activated. After finishing the activation process, the foam material can be elastic, inelastic, flexible or hard.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the joining region of the switching film can be enclosed at least partly, in particular on both sides, by the foam material. In this manner, the switching film is embedded in the foam material and firmly connected to this. In particular, the switching film can be enclosed with the foam material on both sides of its joining region, which ensures a reliable and durable connection between the switching film and the housing section. A reliable, fluid-tight sealing of the hole cross-section of the unit is thus also achieved.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the foam material can be freely foaming or chambered in a separate tool or be foamed chambered by the housing. The foam material can hereby be chambered by a tool such as an additional cover, a separate hold-down device that is only necessary for the process step, or chambered by a housing section, or processed openly foamed.

According to one advantageous embodiment, the joining region of the switching film is pretreated by at least one of the methods, etching, plasma treatment, mechanical grinding, embossing or perforation. For pretreatment of the connection using a foam material, it is advantageous to accordingly pretreat and activate the surface of the switching film in the region where it comes into connection with the foam material, which can be achieved with one of the procedures mentioned. In this way the surface tension can be changed, whereby the contact between foam material and switching film can be essentially improved.

After the placement of the switching film on the at least one first housing section having the joining region over the mating surface, a second housing section is placed on the switching film and the housing is thus formed. The second housing section can thus be expediently connected to the switching film and/or the first housing section. Alternatively, it is also conceivable to radially weld the two housing sections, which can be formed from, for example, glass-fiber reinforced polyamide (PA), outside the switching film.

Expediently, the joining region of the switching film can be compressed when the housing is sealed in the region of the mating surface. By the compression, for example, a greater final strength of the connection can be achieved. In this way, the fluid-tight connection can also be favorably improved.

Advantageously, the switching film can be axially supported by at least one groove running radially inside the mating surface in the at least one housing section, which is radially delimited inside by a projection for supporting the switching film during axial movements transverse to its cross-sectional area. In this way, dynamic movements of the switching film during the execution of the function in the pressure regulating valve can be advantageously supported and, at the same time, a protection against damage by the movement of the switching film can be achieved. The switching film is thereby always located on at least one edge, preferably however at two edges simultaneously during its switching motion. In order to prevent a damage to the switching film during the joining process such as, for example, by an unacceptable compression of the switching film by the edges, the edges can be arranged radially offset. A realization of a connection is thus easier, in that the switching film is located on two edges simultaneously. A movement on the boundary surface to an edge can then be prevented. The edge can be optimized for the film movement so that the switching film is protected against damages by the edge during operating mode.

Advantageously, the switching film can also be axially supported by two grooves arranged in the housing with an edge, which are arranged opposite each other or radially displaced relative to each other. In this further embodiment, the edges of the housing section can be mutually shifted so that the switching film is not crimped in this region during the joining process. It is also possible to adjust the pretension of the switching film via these edges.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the unit according to the invention is used for pressure regulation of an internal combustion engine and/or for pressure regulation of a crankcase of an internal combustion engine.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Further advantages arise from the following drawing description. The drawings show exemplary embodiments of the invention. The drawings, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations. In the drawings, by way of example:

FIG. 1 a unit having a switching film made from a polymer with fluorine and carbon according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention in a sectional view;

FIG. 2 a unit having a switching film according to an additional exemplary embodiment of the invention in a sectional view;

FIG. 3 a simplified section of a joining region of a unit in a sectional view before activation of foam material using a tool according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 the section of the joining region from FIG. 3 with activated foam material after removal of the tool;

FIG. 5 a simplified section of a joining region of a unit in a sectional view with foam material introduced in two grooves according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 the simplified section of the joining region in FIG. 5 with activated foam material;

FIG. 7 a simplified section of a joining region of a unit in a sectional view with foam introduced into a groove according to an additional exemplary embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 8 the simplified section of the joining region in FIG. 7 with activated foam material;

FIG. 9 a simplified section of a joining region of a unit in a sectional view with two grooves and introduced foam material according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 10 the simplified section of the joining region from FIG. 9 with activated foam material.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The same or similar components in the figures are referenced with same reference characters. The figures merely show examples and are not intended to be restrictive.

FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a unit 10 for the regulation or control of a fluid pressure using a switching film 22 made from a polymer having fluorine and carbon according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The polymer material having fluorine and carbon is thus polytetrafluoroethylene or polytetrafluoroethylene with admixtures or thermoplastically processable polytetrafluoroethylene particularly in a spraying process. The unit 10 serves for regulation or control of a fluid pressure, in particular for application for pressure regulation of an internal combustion engine and/or for the pressure regulation of a crankcase of an internal combustion engine. The unit 10 has a housing 12 with a first housing section 13 and a second housing section 14, the housing cover, wherein the first housing section 13 has an inlet 28 and a discharge 30 for the fluid. The switching film 22 is formed from a polymer film having fluorine and carbon, for example PTFE, and clamped with a joining region 42 between first housing section 13 and the second housing section 14.

The hole cross-section 40 of the two housing sections 13, 14 is sealed by the switching film 22 with its functional region. Two circumferential mating surfaces 50, 52 are provided situated radially to the outside on the two housing sections 13, 14, at which the switching film 22 is connected fluid-tight to the two housing sections 13, 14. In the exemplary embodiment shown, a joining region 42 of the switching film 22 is thus, in particular, integrally and/or interlockingly connected to the two housing sections 13, 14 by foam material 44. The foam material 44 is thinly introduced into the region of the joining region 42 of the switching film 22 between the mating surfaces 50, 52 of the two housing sections 13, 14 and therefore cannot be seen in FIG. 1 as also in FIG. 2. Optional favorably arranged grooves for housing of the activated foam material 44 are not shown for reasons of clarity. In each of the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 1 and 2, the connection of the joining region 42 of the switching film 22 via foam material 44 in a groove 46 of the first housing section 13 is schematically represented. Possible additional embodiments of the connection of the joining region 42 are shown in detail in FIGS. 3 to 10 in simplified sections.

The switching film 22 separates a first chamber 36 of the unit 10 from a second chamber 38 in a fluid-tight manner. There is a pressure differential between the first chamber 36 and the second chamber 38, wherein the second chamber 38 is connected (not depicted) to the surrounding space, meaning to the atmosphere. The switching film 22 can be moved with pressure differences of 1 to 250 mbar, preferably from 1 to 100 mbar, and serves to release or shut off a through-flow of the fluid between the inlet 28 and the discharge 30. The inlet 28 of the unit 10 is fluidically connected during use to, for example, the crankcase of an internal combustion engine, while the discharge 30 is fluidically connected to the breather line. The switching film 22 has a plate-like flat body 16 having a corrugated bending region 18 surrounding a central sealing region 24. The bending region 18 moves during switching of the switching film 22 by a low-strain, in particular strain-free bending motion of the sealing region 24 with respect to a valve seat 32 in an axial direction L toward the valve seat 32 or away from the valve seat 32. For this, the switching film 22 has at least in the bending region 18 a thickness of at most 0.5 mm, preferably of at most 0.3 mm, most preferably of at most 0.2 mm. The diameter of the switching film 22 can thus be between 40 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 50 mm and 80 mm.

The bending region 18 extends in a wave-like manner in radial direction around sealing region 24, wherein a recess on a flat side corresponds to an elevation on the other flat side of the switching film 22. The sealing region 24 seals the valve seat 32 if it is located on the valve seat 32. A spring element 26 is provided that is supported at the first housing section 13 which exerts a force on the sealing region 241 of the switching film 22. The spring element 26 is supported here by an annularly formed plate 34 at the sealing region 24. The sealing region 24 is formed as a bowl-shaped projection 20 of the switching film 22, wherein the plate 34 in the form of a support ring annularly encloses this projection. The spring element 26 can alternatively engage the switching film 22 without plate 34 and thus be sprayed on its end face that is turned towards the projection 20 for protection of the switching film 22, so that the encapsulation can replace the plate 34.

A groove 54, 56 running radially is provided inside the mating surface 50, 52 of each of the two housing sections 13, 14, which is delimited radially inside by an edge 58, 60 for supporting the switching film 22 during axial movements transverse to the hole cross-section 40. The two grooves 54, 56 are located axially opposite one another. Because the switching film 22 is located on the rounded edges 58, 60 and is clamped between them, the switching film 22 is protected against excessive wear and damages from sharp edges resulting from axial movements of its working region because of the regulating function of the unit 10.

Advantageously, the switching film 22 in this arrangement, at least in the region of the joining region 42, has an activated surface with altered surface tension in order to achieve a good connection to the foam material 44, wherein the joining region 42 is prepared, for example, by one of the methods, etching, plasma treatment, mechanical roughening, embossing or perforation. After the seating of the switching film 22 on the at least first housing section 13 having the joining region 42 over the foam material 44, a second housing section 14 is seated on the switching film 22 and thus forms the housing 12. The joining region 42 of the switching film 22 is compressed during the sealing of the housing 12 in the region of the mating surfaces 50, 52. A curing of the foam material 44 can be enhanced by a heat treatment and/or a UV radiation and/or a microwave treatment.

FIG. 2 shows in a cross-sectional view a unit 10 having a switching film 22 according to an additional exemplary embodiment of the invention. The basic design of the unit 10 essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1. The mating surfaces 50, 52 of the two housing sections 13, 14, however, are formed conically in the longitudinal direction L. In this manner, the switching film 22 can advantageously be centered during the joining of the switching film 22 at the first housing section 13 and during assembly of the housing 12 by placement of the second housing section 14. The grooves 54, 56 with their edges 58, 60—in contrast to the embodiment in FIG. 1 where they are arranged axially opposed—are arranged in this case radially displaced, which can also be beneficial for the support of the switching film 22 during the axial movement of the switching film 22.

FIG. 3 shows a simplified section of a joining region 42 of a unit 10 in a sectional view before activation of foam material 44 introduced into a groove 46 using a tool 70 according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention. The first housing section 13 has a groove 46 running radially, which lies opposite a groove 72 running radially in the tool 70 with a small depth. The foam material 44 is introduced into the groove 46 of the first housing section 13. Afterwards, the switching film 22 is seated on the first housing section 13 and covered by the tool 70, which is designed, in particular as a hold-down device. In this manner, the foam material 44 can be foamed chambered. The foam material 44 can be activated, in particular, thermally activated. The foam material 44 thus stretches in the open space formed by the grooves 46, 72 so that it can at least partially enclose the switching film 22 with its joining region 42. Joining region 42 and mating surface 50 of the housing section 13 are thus firmly connected fluid-tight with each other. After activation of the foam material 44, the tool 70 can be removed.

FIG. 4 also shows the section from FIG. 3 with the activated foam material 44 after removal of the tool 70. The foam material 44 is thereby activated using the positioned tool 70, is thereby foamed and thus fills the groove 46. The foam material 44 swells out over the groove 46 and thus encloses the joining region 42 of the switching film 22, at least on its radial outer edge.

In FIG. 5, a simplified section of a joining region 42 of a unit 10 is shown in a sectional view with the foam material 44 introduced in two grooves 46, 64 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The two axially opposed, circumferential grooves 46, 64 are thus shown having the same groove depth. Foam material 44 is introduced into each groove 46, 64. The switching film 22 is located with its joining region 42 between the two housing sections 13, 14 and is additionally fixed against activation of the foam material by clamping.

FIG. 6 also shows the simplified section of the joining region 42 from FIG. 5 with activated foam material 44. The foam material 44 is foamed and completely fills the grooves 46, 64. The foam material 44 thus encloses the switching film 22 on both sides and thus provides for the firm connection between the joining region 42 and the mating surfaces 50, 52 of the two housing sections 13, 14. A firm, fluid-tight connection is thus created between the housing section 12 and the switching film 22.

In FIG. 7, a simplified section of a joining region 42 of a unit 10 is shown in a sectional view with the foam 44 introduced into a groove 46 according to an additional exemplary embodiment of the invention. In this exemplary embodiment a radially running groove 46 into which the foam material 44 is introduced is only arranged in the first housing section 13. The second housing section 14 thus has a continuously flat mating surface 52, which is located abutting the switching film 22 when the second housing section 14 is seated.

FIG. 8 shows the simplified section of the joining region 42 from FIG. 7 with activated foam material 44. The foam material 44 in this exemplary embodiment completely fills the groove 46 and tightly seals the switching film 22 to the joining region 42, in particular, the foam material 44 is integrally and/or interlockingly connected to the joining region 42.

FIG. 9 shows a simplified section of a joining region 42 of a unit 10 in a sectional view with two grooves 46, 64and introduced foam material 44 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. The first housing section 13 has a groove 46 running radially, which is axially arranged with respect to a groove 64 having reduced depth running radially in the second housing section 14. Foam material 44 is introduced into the first groove 46. The joining region 42 of the switching film 22, which is seated between the two housing sections 13, 14, projects to a part having its radial outer edge in the open space formed by the grooves 46, 64.

In FIG. 10, the simplified section of the joining region 42 from FIG. 9 with activated foam material 44 is also shown. The foam material 44 is foamed and completely fills the open space of the grooves 46, 64. The joining region 42 of the switching film 22 is thus enclosed at a part at the underside and the radial outer edge by the foamed material 44. The two housing sections 13, 14 are thus connected fluid-tight to the joining region 42 of the switching film 22. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A pressure regulation unit for the regulation or control of a fluid pressure, comprising: a pressure regulator housing having at least one housing section; a fluid inlet port; a fluid discharge port; a switching film connected to the at least one housing section and adapted to switch at pressure differentials of 1 to 250 mbar relative to an ambient pressure acting on the switching film; wherein the switching film is adapted for regulation, release or blocking of a flow of the fluid between the inlet port and the fluid discharge port; wherein the switching film is made out of a polymer material having fluorine and carbon, wherein a first housing section of the at least one housing section has a first chamber, the first housing section having a hole through which the first chamber opens to an exterior of the first housing section, the hole having a hole cross-section; wherein the hole cross-section of the at least one housing section is closed off by the switching film.
 2. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 1, comprising at least one circumferential mating surface situated radially to the outside of the hole cross-section and radially surrounding the hole cross-section; wherein the switching film is fixedly and fluid-tightly connected to the at least one housing section and covering the hole cross-section.
 3. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 1, wherein the switching film includes a joining region situated radially to the outside of the switching film, and further comprising: a foam material integrally and interlockingly connecting the joining region to the at least one housing section.
 4. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 3, wherein the at least one circumferential mating surface has at least one circumferential groove formed therein; wherein the foam material is arranged in the at least one circumferential groove; wherein the at least one housing section is two housing sections; wherein each of the two housing section has a circumferential mating surface, the circumferential mating surfaces adapted to align for mating, the circumferential mating surface having the at least one circumferential groove formed therein; wherein the at least one circumferential groove of each of the two housing sections are arranged axially opposite each other and/or radially offset when the pressure regulator housing is closed.
 5. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 3, wherein the joining region is surrounded by the foam material at least partially, on opposing sides of the switching film.
 6. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 3, wherein the foam material has an activated surface in a region of the adjacent joining region of the switching film; wherein the activated surface is directed towards the first chamber of the first housing section.
 7. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 4, wherein the at least one circumferential mating surface of the at least one housing section is formed conically, curved or undulated such that the at least one circumferential mating surface is self-adjust for mating.
 8. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 4, wherein the least one circumferential groove is radially delimited on the inside by an edge for supporting the switching film when there are axial movements of the switching film transverse to the hole cross-section; wherein the edge is provided radially inside the at least one circumferential mating surface of the at least one housing section; wherein two axial opposing and/or radially offset grooves are provided with the edge.
 9. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 4, wherein the two housing sections are the first housing section and a second housing section; wherein the second housing section has a second chamber; wherein the first chamber is separated from the second chamber in a fluid-tight manner by the switching film.
 10. The pressure regulation unit according to claim 4, wherein the polymer material of the switching film fluorine and carbon is: a polytetrafluoroethylene, or a polytetrafluoroethylene with admixtures, or a thermoplastically processable polytetrafluoroethylene.
 11. A method of forming a fluid-tight connection of a switching film onto at least one housing section of a pressure regulator housing of a pressure regulation unit according to claim 4, comprising the steps of: providing a switching film formed from a polymer material having fluorine and carbon, the switching film having a joining region; providing foam material adapted to fixedly connect the switching film onto at least one housing section; providing a first housing section having a first chamber, the first chamber surrounded by at least one circumferential groove formed into a mating surface of the first housing section; providing a second housing section having a second chamber, the second chamber surrounded by at least one circumferential groove formed into a mating surface of the second housing section; incorporating the foam material into the at least one circumferential groove of the first housing section; placing the switching film onto at least one of the housing sections with the joining region arranged over and contacting the foam material; thermally activating the foam material to increase the volume of the foam material; forming a fluid-tight connection between the switching film and at least one of the housing sections.
 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the joining region of the switching film is surrounded by the foam material at least partially, on both axial sides of the switching film.
 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein wherein the thermally activating step is practiced by: activating the foam material in an open foaming arrangement, or activating the foam material with the foam material chambered within a separate mold, or activating the foam material with the foam material chambered through the housing.
 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein prior to the step of placing the switching film, the method further comprises: pretreating the joining region by at least one of the methods: etching, plasma treatment, mechanical grinding, embossing or perforation. 